http://www.canachieve.com.cn 发布日期:2009-12-25
最终,人们可以把全球气候变暖归咎于太阳。太阳发出的光线普照地球,然后以热的形式向太空散回。但是由于那些“讨厌的”二氧化碳分子在大气中积累,使得有些热量不能散回到太空中去——这样就不可避免地使我们的地球变暖。
Ultimately, global warming can be blamed on the sun. It’s the sun’s light that bathes the Earth and then gets sent back towards space as heat. But some of that heat gets blocked by those pesky carbon dioxide molecules building up in the atmosphere—inexorably warming our planet.
So the sun’s output has a lot to do with what we can expect climate-wise. After all, a decrease in solar output known as the Maunder Minimum helped freeze Europe for a few centuries.
For the last few years, the sun has been in a relatively quiet phase: there have been few sunspots, which are the markers of a powerful sun. Last year the number of sunspots dropped to a level not seen since the beginning of the 20th century.
So much for climate change contrarians attempts to blame the sun for global warming.
But now new sunspots are moving into view, and a new solar cycle seems to have dawned this past December, which NOAA and other experts expect to be one of the weaker cycles since the 1750s.
This small weakening of the sun, however, has been outpaced by the rapid increase in CO2 levels from all our fossil fuel burning and tree-cutting. A weaker sun might slow human-induced climate change slightly but when the sun eventually recovers force, global warming would heat up with even more of a vengeance.
太阳活动预测与全球气候变暖
最终,人们可以把全球气候变暖归咎于太阳。太阳发出的光线普照地球,然后以热的形式向太空散回。但是由于那些“讨厌的”二氧化碳分子在大气中积累,使得有些热量不能散回到太空中去——这样就不可避免地使我们的地球变暖。
因此就考虑气候而言,太阳活动与气候有很大的关系。毕竟,被称之为蒙德极小期(Maunder Minimum)的太阳活动减少导致了欧洲几个世纪的低温气候。
过去的几年里,太阳活动相对处于不活跃时期:太阳黑子很少见,而太阳黑子是太阳活跃的一个标志。去年太阳黑子出现的数目降至自20世纪初以来的最低点。
对于全球变暖,有些人与主流的观点不一样,他们认为全球变暖是太阳导致的,但是上述的事实与他们的主张非常不符合。
不过,目前新的太阳黑子又开始出现,而且一个新的太阳周期似乎在去年12月已经开始出现。美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)以及其他一些专家认为这是自1750年以来的一个较弱的太阳周期。
虽然太阳活动降低了,但是我们燃烧化石燃料和砍伐树木引起了CO2的快速升高。太阳活动的减弱可能稍微延缓人类活动导致的气候变化,但是等到太阳最终又恢复“活力”的时候,全球变暖将会变本加厉了。
Vocabulary:
Solar:太阳的
Forecast:预测
Bathe:使沐浴在(光线)里
Pesky:讨厌的;恼人的
Inexorably:不可阻挡的;无法改变的
Sunspot:太阳黑子
Contrarian:持相反观点的人
Outpace:超过
Vengeance:报仇
注释:
1)Maunder Minimum:蒙德极小期出现在1645年至1715年,相较于正常可以观测到40,000-50,000颗太阳黑子,只观察到50颗左右的太阳黑子。
2)NOAA:美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
来源:加成顾问