以下内容是澳大利亚入籍考试中可能会涉及到的内容，包括澳洲公民的权利和义务，澳洲的价值观，澳洲历史和文化等方面。可称作是你不得不看的澳洲入籍考试指导大全！
延伸阅读：2009悉尼CBD入籍考试实题+经过
行家详解：澳大利亚入籍考试
Australian Citizenship Test Study Guide
Australian Citizenship Pledge
From this time forward, under God
I pledge my loyalty to Australia and its people whose democratic beliefs I share,
whose rights and liberties I respect, and whose laws I will uphold and obey.
Privileges:
1. To vote;
以下内容是澳大利亚入籍考试中可能会涉及到的内容，包括澳洲公民的权利和义务，澳洲的价值观，澳洲历史和文化等方面。可称作是你不得不看的澳洲入籍考试指导大全！
延伸阅读：2009悉尼CBD入籍考试实题+经过
行家详解：澳大利亚入籍考试
澳洲历史：Australia’s History
Discovery: In 1606, the Dutchman Williem Jansz landed on the western side of Cape York Peninsula. Later
in the 1600s, Dutch sailors explored the north and west of the continent which they called ‘New Holland’. The east coast of Australia was not explored by Europeans until James Cook reached it in 1770. He claimed this land for King George III on Possession Island in Torres Strait.
Indigenous Australians: Australia’s Indigenous population is comprised of Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander people. Indigenous Australians have been here for 40,000 to 60,000 years. Hundreds of Indigenous communities were living in Australia before settlement. More than 700 languages were spoken pre-settlement with around 250 still active today. The Indigenous population has declined from 750,000 in
1788 to 483,000 today.
Settlement: British settlers, mainly convicts, started arriving in New South Wales from 1788. Until 1868, more than 160,000 convicts were transported to Australia altogether. From 1850s, with the discovery of gold, there was a rush of people from all round the globe.
‘Australia’: The name ‘Australia’ derives from the Latin word ‘Australis’, meaning ‘southern’. The land was known as Terra Australis Incognita – unknown land of the south. In 1814, the name ‘Australia’ gained popularity due to Matthew Flinders’s book ‘A Voyage to Terra Australis’. Governor Lachlan Macquarie
adopted it. 1824 the continent became officially named ‘Australia’.
Exploring: In 1813 three men, Blaxland, Wentworth and Lawson, got across the Blue Mountains by going
up to the plateau and following the ridges. In 1848 Ludwig Leichhardt disappeared while trying to cross the continent from east to west. In 1860 Robert O’Hara Burke and William John Wills set out from Melbourne
to cross the continent from south to north and also died in the journey.
WWI（关于一战）: Australian soldiers entered World War I in 1915 with an attack on Germany’s ally, Turkey. The date
of the landing at Gallipoli (25 April) is the unofficial national day – Anzac Day. John Monash became the commander of the Australian forces, known as ‘the diggers’. Remembrance Day (11 November) is also a day on which Australians remember those who have served and died in war. Red poppies have been used as
a symbol of remembrance since World War I, in which Australia had 25,000 casualties.
WWII（关于二战）: In World War II, Australians fought in the desert of North Africa against Germans and Italians. Australian soldiers were given the name ‘Rats of Tobruk’. When the Japanese took the great British base at Singapore, 15,000 Australian troops were among those taken into captivity to work on the Thai-Burma
railway.
Eureka Rebellion: on 3 December 1854 gold diggers protested against the collection of licence fee to dig and called for the establishment of a democratic and republican government. They were soon overpowered and about 30 were killed. This event has become a symbol of protest and popular rights.
Popular Rights: Australian workers were the first to enjoy an eight-hour working day. The Commonwealth
Arbitration Court in 1907 set a minimum wage. Most men had had the vote from the 1850s; women then
gained the vote in 1902. Edith Cowan became the first woman parliamentarian when elected to the WA Parliament in 1921. Labor Party was created in 1891; all other parties combined into Liberal Party in 1910.
Federation: In 1889, Sir Henry Parkes, ‘the Father of Federation’, issued a call for a new nation to be formed who managed to assemble a convention of all the colonies in 1891 for a constitution to be written.
In 1893, the constitution was accepted at referendum. Sir Henry Parkes died in 1896. The first Australian Government was sworn in in Sydney’s Centennial Park on 1 January 1901. The Prime Minister of the new nation was Edmund Barton. Alfred Deakin became the second Prime Minister in 1903. Australia was now a nation but still within the British Empire. It did not acquire full powers over defence and foreign affairs until 1931. An attempt to make Australia a republic was defeated in 1999.
Migration Policy: The founding population of Australia was made up of the English, Scots and Irish. The colonies took common action in 1888 to limit Chinese migration, believed that Chinese were inferior, but they also did not want a society with deep divisions or where foreign outcasts worked for low wages and lowered the dignity of all labour. After World War II, to build up its population, Australia operated a large scale programme to bring migrants from the countries of Europe. In 1967, the dismantling of the White Australia Policy began and in 1973 migration was placed on a totally non-discriminatory basis.
Indigenous Policy: In the years around 1900, the colonial and state governments moved to a policy of firmly confining Aboriginal people on their reserves. In the 1940s and 1950s Government policy changed to the assimilation of Aboriginals and in the 1960s to the integration of Aboriginal people into white society. Their civil rights and the right to vote were restored to them. Aboriginal people become full members of Australian society when in 1967 people gave an overwhelming YES vote (90 per cent) to a proposal to change the Aboriginal sections of the Constitution. The High Court in its 1992 Mabo decision restored unsold land to Aboriginal people.
以下内容是澳大利亚入籍考试中可能会涉及到的内容，包括澳洲公民的权利和义务，澳洲的价值观，澳洲历史和文化等方面。可称作是你不得不看的澳洲入籍考试指导大全！
延伸阅读：2009悉尼CBD入籍考试实题+经过
行家详解：澳大利亚入籍考试
澳洲地理：Australia’s Geography
Territory: Australia is the 6th largest country in area in the world. 2x the size of India and 32x the size of
United Kingdom. Australia stretches 4000 km from east to west and 3700 km from north to south. Only 6%
of its land is suitable for agriculture. 77 million hectares of land and 65 million hectares of marine areas are protected. 17 parts of Australia are on the World Heritage List.
States and Territories: Australia has 6 states and 2 mainland territories:
1. ACT: established in 1911; designed by American architect, Walter Burley Griffin; ‘Canberra’ comes from Aboriginal word meaning ‘meeting place’.
2. NSW: Sydney is the nation’s largest city; home of largest number of Rugby League clubs.
3. VIC: most densely populated state; birthplace of Australian Rules football.
4. QLD: 2nd largest state; famous for its tropical rainforests and the Great Barrier Reef.
5. WA: largest state, same size of Western Europe; home of mining, agricultural and wine industries.
6. SA: home of agricultural and wine industries.
7. TAS: smallest state; unspoilt wild landscapes; popular tourist destination; destination of the annual
Sydney to Hobart yachting event.
8. NT: twice the size of France.
Australian government also administers:
1. Ashmore and Cartier Islands
2. Chistmas Island
3. Cocos Islands
4. Coral Sea Islands
5. Heard Islands,
6. McDonald Islands
7. Norfold Island
8. Australian Antarctic Territory
Australia’s Culture
Population: 21 million in total, 483 thousand Indigenous. Median age 37 years. 22% of the population was born overseas. United Kingdom, New Zealand, China, Italy and Vietnam are the 5 top birthplaces. More than 15% of Australians speak language other than English at home.
Religion: Australia has no official or state religion. 2/3 of Australians describe themselves as Christians. Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism are the 5 major religions.
National Anthem: Advance Australia Fair is Australia’s national anthem. It was composed by Peter
Dodds McCormick and first sung in Sydney in 1878. It was proclaimed the national anthem on 19
April 1984.
Australians all let us rejoice,
For we are young and free; We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil;
Our home is girt by sea;
Our land abounds in nature’s gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history’s page, let every stage
Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing
Advance Australia Fair.
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross
We’ll toil with hearts and hands;
To make this Commonwealth of ours
Renowned of all the lands;
For those who’ve come across the seas We’ve boundless plains to share; With courage let us all combine to
Advance Australia Fair.
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