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GMAT语法改错方法总结

http://www.canachieve.com.cn 发布日期:2009-09-14


  (vi)出现句首名(vii)词+长串修饰考主谓搭配的可能性很大;

  (viii)在英文中永远只有主谓搭配,同(ix)位语对谓语动词单复(x)数没有影响

  Five hundred students each have a computer.

  Each of five hundred students have a computer.

  Leaf and *** material, the most *** parts, Vt.s

  Five hundred students, groups each have a computer.

  (xi)倒装句(搞清主语在哪)

  a.介词在句首,b.状语+句子谓语动词+主语(完全倒装)

  c.极端形容词或So放在句首

  (xii)Never, Whether, What, Should在一个完整句子做整个句子的主语,(xiii)谓

  语动作用单数

  (xiv)代词指(xv)代,同(xvi)样一句话中相同(xvii)的代词指(xviii)代相同(xix)的

  事物:they, them, their在一句话中必须指(xx)代同(xxi)一主体

  推论:It在句首做形式主语,后面it不能指代同一主体。如果出现这样的选项,一定

  错!

  (xxii)Exoneration and his freedom例题:泛指(xxiii)和特指(xxiv)不(xxv)能对

  称;代词是个特指(xxvi)概念,(xxvii)不(xxviii)能随意丢失,(xxix)否则句子意思发生

  变化。

  8GMAT中所有代词都不用来指代整个句子,只能是特定的名词或主体。但是当it在句首做

  形式主语时,可以指代:-

  1.后面的不定式

  2.后面的that从句,

  3.如:It is you who is my friend that…

  IV.固定搭配的错误

  (xxx)require somebody to do something that +虚拟语气省略should of

  somebody that +虚拟语气省略should (xxxi)as的固定搭配begin as, depict as,

  regard as, perceive as, represent as, see as, be prizeless as, be acclaimed

  as, think of as, be seem as (xxxii)to be: consider something (省略to be)

  something [正确答案的出现方式] (xxxiii)help

  a)help somebody to do something

  b)help (to do) something

  c)helpful in doing

  (xxxiv)at point; at pole; at equator; aim at doing something

  (xxxv)forbid somebody to do something; forbid something

  (xxxvi)prohibit somebody from doing something; prohibit something

  (xxxvii)compare A to B (把A比作B)

  (xxxviii)compare A with B (相同(xxxix)事物比较)

  (xl)in that标(xli)准书面英语,(xlii)汉译为"原因体现在"

  (xliii)more ancient标(xliv)准书面英语

  V.连接词连接两个部分的对称性问题

  and在画线部分中或画线部分的前面,and是一个解题点。

  (xlv)形式上对称:名(xlvi)词对名(xlvii)词;分词对分词(现在分词不(xlviii)一定

  要对现在分词,(xlix)要检验动作的发出者和承受者)

  (l)强调含义上的对称:duty assignment对应the staffing of people

  (li)平行对称结构:多个小分句之间要平行对称,(lii)在最后一个分句前补出and难

  点:A)在肯定句时,补and;在否定时,补nor英语否定句的定义:句子出现no, not

  时"Never……"是肯定句,表示否定的含义

  B)非平行结构的误导题(如补充材料5:三个句子不能构成平行对称结构)

  (liii)当前后两个问题对称时,

  (liv)后半句的be动词可能被省略,

  (lv)如to do and do something, to可以省略

  如果发现一个选项有意省略‘to’或被动词时,则很有可能是正确答案对称结构的常考连

  词:but……or

  either…or…not only…but also…(also有时省略)

  neither…nor…not…but…(优选结构)

  from…to……as well as…

  as…as……rather than…(如果前面有不定式的话,后面不定式往往被省略)

  VII.虽然违反了Effectiveness有效性原则,但ETS把它当成Correctness来处理(lvi)

  违反了"忠实原文的意思"

  a)极端性修饰词的位置改变了: first, last, typical, typically, only you,

  you only;

  b)强烈语气表达要保持,如:

  I don’t know any……

  Not unlike = like it very much

  Whatever = no matter what…

  Whenever = no matter when

  c)句子的强调重心发生改变一定错!

  d)把倒装句变成正常语序一定错!

  (lvii)简洁原则:语义重复(lviii)一定错!注意(rise, raise, grow, roaring,

  increase的使用而(lix)使语义重复(lx)的情况)

  from…to…当中不能加up or down

  opposition = againstorbit = aroundannually = a year

  by the name of = be known aswith = include

  EFFECTIVENESS

  II.忠实原文的意思,除非从逻辑上发现原文意思一定要修改

  (i)弱语气词的添加、丢失或位置发生改变(如just, even),(ii)但不(iii)一定错

  (iv)句子的强调重心发生了微弱改变,(v)但选项不(vi)一定错(如in 1980)

  (vii)时态发生变化(GMAT中一般时态不(viii)能随意改变,(ix)除非有个明确的点提示

  原文时态应当发生改变)

  III.简洁原则

  -实意名-词>动词>形容词>抽象名-词>分词动名-词>从句-存在该种错误,-并不-一定

  错,-看是不-是两个选项中唯一的区别,-如support > be supportive of -半抽象名-

  词,-即动词和名-词形式一样的名-词,-如result, help, cost, increase, bare优选动

  词词性的选项-分词优于定语从句,-因为过去分词是定语从句的省略形式, that is

  indicated = indicated

  CORRECTNESS

  I.宾语从句和定语从句

  -that, which只能指-物

  -who, whom只能指-人

  -whose指-人或物

  -宾语从句一定要有that; -定语从句用that和which有区别:

  that限制性,紧跟被修饰名词后;which引导非限制性定语从句,前面必须是","或介词

  II.even though, although > despite, in spite of

  not…but…> …rather than…, instead of

  B +介词+ A结构> AB结构,如Inability of French > French inability

  形容词名词结构> 名词that is

  同位语从句> 定语从句

  III.GMAT中一定错的表达方式

  -口语化表达:when you; if you; maybe < probably

  -主观色彩的表达方式一定错: be to do, be going to, have to

  -Similar to放在句首一定错,-无论是整句还是分句

  -Enough在画线部分一定错!

  -Concerning一定错!要用about, over

  -Hopefully错!要用it is hoped

  -Make comparison of错!要用compare

  -With the intention to错!要用intend

  -As is based错!要用based

  -Be able to be done错!

  -There be done错!

  -Comparing,-basing错!只能用被动compared, based

  -Doubled, tripled, quadrupled错!只能用主动

  IV.整个前面一段话对后面的影响

  正确选项:现在分词;

  A中没出现的名词,概括前半句,并做后两句的主语

  错误选项:to do something;

  用which指代前面整个句子

  VI.当表示一前一后的两个动词,要用‘and’连接;

  分词做状语表伴随状态一定错!

  Doing A, B do?

  A do, doing B?

  当一个动词是另一个动词的伴随状况而用and连接,一定错!

  VII.形容词和副词的区别

  a.形容词、副词转意:significant, significantly; fair, fairly

  b.形容词修饰名c.词、副词修饰动词:closing quickly; pack clothes flat

  d.形容词修饰名e.词、副词修饰形容词:seemingly permanent accommodation

  VIII.分词的省略结构

  介词+分词

  连词+分词要求分词的逻辑主语与后句的主语一致

  正确选项的给出:

  Type A:保留分词省略结构,把后面主语换成正确的主语;

  Type B:把分词结构名词化,分词逻辑主语没出现,故把分词结构名

  词化

  IX.表示A和B一样大或至少比B大

  as…as…or greater than

  at least as…as

  at most as…as

  as…as something, if not more so (此形式出现一定对)

  X.Like和As的混合考法

  Like (介词)+名词或名词短语

  As (连词) +句子,助动词补出

  Like A, B do (A, B必须是完全相同的结构)

  XII.在GMAT中,有一类词强调动作、过程closing, varying, the rising of cost;

  另一类词强调结果、状态closed, varied, the rising cost。在选项中优选结果、状态的

  选项

  XIV.固定搭配:high rate, low rate, prevalent; rate对应rate而非wage

  New Oriental School Effectiveness (存在一个错,但不一定错;按严重性由大到小

  排)

  II.there be +抽象名词

  III.情态动词的强加、丢失、改变

  IV.介词、助动词尽量补充原则

  V.定语从句和分词结构的就近修饰原则

  VI.定语从句that的尽量省略原则

  VII.代词指代要尽量地明确清晰

  VIII.and连接两个句子时要尽量使用相同句式

  when…when…; that…that…;

  how…how…;

  XI.三种关系的强加、丢失

  1>if引导的条件关系从句

  2>when引导的时间关系从句

  3>because…因果关系

  As的用法(P35 163)

  Just as A do something, so B do…

  Just as A do something, so too…

  GMAT考三类

  1>as, like的混合考:as作连词,

  2>像…一样,

  3>后面跟一个句子

  4>as作介词,

  5>as an adolescent; While being = as

  6>as后面加从句,

  7>as是连词,

  8>当…的时候

  As when she was a child…

  也可以说as a child (as是介词)

  来源:

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