(vi)出现句首名(vii)词+长串修饰考主谓搭配的可能性很大;
(viii)在英文中永远只有主谓搭配,同(ix)位语对谓语动词单复(x)数没有影响
Five hundred students each have a computer.
Each of five hundred students have a computer.
Leaf and *** material, the most *** parts, Vt.s
Five hundred students, groups each have a computer.
(xi)倒装句(搞清主语在哪)
a.介词在句首,b.状语+句子谓语动词+主语(完全倒装)
c.极端形容词或So放在句首
(xii)Never, Whether, What, Should在一个完整句子做整个句子的主语,(xiii)谓语动作用单数
(xiv)代词指(xv)代,同(xvi)样一句话中相同(xvii)的代词指(xviii)代相同(xix)的事物:they, them, their在一句话中必须指(xx)代同(xxi)一主体推论:It在句首做形式主语,后面it不能指代同一主体。如果出现这样的选项,一定错!
(xxii)Exoneration and his freedom例题:泛指(xxiii)和特指(xxiv)不(xxv)能对称;代词是个特指(xxvi)概念,(xxvii)不(xxviii)能随意丢失,(xxix)否则句子意思发生变化。
8GMAT中所有代词都不用来指代整个句子,只能是特定的名词或主体。但是当it在句首做形式主语时,可以指代:-
1.后面的不定式
2.后面的that从句,
3.如:It is you who is my friend that…
IV.固定搭配的错误
(xxx)require somebody to do something that +虚拟语气省略should of somebody that +虚拟语气省略should (xxxi)as的固定搭配begin as, depict as, regard as, perceive as, represent as, see as, be prizeless as, be acclaimed as, think of as, be seem as (xxxii)to be: consider something (省略to be) something [正确答案的出现方式] (xxxiii)help
a)help somebody to do something
b)help (to do) something
c)helpful in doing
(xxxiv)at point; at pole; at equator; aim at doing something
(xxxv)forbid somebody to do something; forbid something
(xxxvi)prohibit somebody from doing something; prohibit something
(xxxvii)compare A to B (把A比作B)
(xxxviii)compare A with B (相同(xxxix)事物比较)
(xl)in that标(xli)准书面英语,(xlii)汉译为"原因体现在"
(xliii)more ancient标(xliv)准书面英语
V.连接词连接两个部分的对称性问题and在画线部分中或画线部分的前面,and是一个解题点。
(xlv)形式上对称:名(xlvi)词对名(xlvii)词;分词对分词(现在分词不(xlviii)一定要对现在分词,(xlix)要检验动作的发出者和承受者)
(l)强调含义上的对称:duty assignment对应the staffing of people
(li)平行对称结构:多个小分句之间要平行对称,(lii)在最后一个分句前补出and难
点:A)在肯定句时,补and;在否定时,补nor英语否定句的定义:句子出现no, not
时"Never……"是肯定句,表示否定的含义
B)非平行结构的误导题(如补充材料5:三个句子不能构成平行对称结构)
(liii)当前后两个问题对称时,
(liv)后半句的be动词可能被省略,
(lv)如to do and do something, to可以省略
如果发现一个选项有意省略‘to’或被动词时,则很有可能是正确答案对称结构的常考连
词:but……or either…or…not only…but also…(also有时省略) neither…nor…not…but…(优选结构) from…to……as well as… as…as……rather than…(如果前面有不定式的话,后面不定式往往被省略)
VII.虽然违反了Effectiveness有效性原则,但ETS把它当成Correctness来处理(lvi)
违反了"忠实原文的意思"
a)极端性修饰词的位置改变了: first, last, typical, typically, only you,
you only;
b)强烈语气表达要保持,如:
I don’t know any……
Not unlike = like it very much
Whatever = no matter what…
Whenever = no matter when
c)句子的强调重心发生改变一定错!
d)把倒装句变成正常语序一定错!
(lvii)简洁原则:语义重复(lviii)一定错!注意(rise, raise, grow, roaring,
increase的使用而(lix)使语义重复(lx)的情况)
from…to…当中不能加up or down
opposition = againstorbit = aroundannually = a year
by the name of = be known aswith = include
EFFECTIVENESS
II.忠实原文的意思,除非从逻辑上发现原文意思一定要修改
(i)弱语气词的添加、丢失或位置发生改变(如just, even),(ii)但不(iii)一定错
(iv)句子的强调重心发生了微弱改变,(v)但选项不(vi)一定错(如in 1980)
(vii)时态发生变化(GMAT中一般时态不(viii)能随意改变,(ix)除非有个明确的点提示原文时态应当发生改变)
III.简洁原则
-实意名-词>动词>形容词>抽象名-词>分词动名-词>从句-存在该种错误,-并不-一定错,-看是不-是两个选项中唯一的区别,-如support > be supportive of -半抽象名-词,-即动词和名-词形式一样的名-词,-如result, help, cost, increase, bare优选动词词性的选项-分词优于定语从句,-因为过去分词是定语从句的省略形式, that is indicated = indicated CORRECTNESS
I.宾语从句和定语从句
-that, which只能指-物
-who, whom只能指-人
-whose指-人或物
-宾语从句一定要有that; -定语从句用that和which有区别:
that限制性,紧跟被修饰名词后;which引导非限制性定语从句,前面必须是","或介词
II.even though, although > despite, in spite of not…but…> …rather than…, instead of
B +介词+ A结构> AB结构,如Inability of French > French inability
形容词名词结构> 名词that is
同位语从句> 定语从句
III.GMAT中一定错的表达方式
-口语化表达:when you; if you; maybe < probably
-主观色彩的表达方式一定错: be to do, be going to, have to
-Similar to放在句首一定错,-无论是整句还是分句
-Enough在画线部分一定错!
-Concerning一定错!要用about, over
-Hopefully错!要用it is hoped
-Make comparison of错!要用compare
-With the intention to错!要用intend
-As is based错!要用based
-Be able to be done错!
-There be done错!
-Comparing,-basing错!只能用被动compared, based
-Doubled, tripled, quadrupled错!只能用主动
IV.整个前面一段话对后面的影响
正确选项:现在分词;
A中没出现的名词,概括前半句,并做后两句的主语错误选项:to do something;
用which指代前面整个句子
VI.当表示一前一后的两个动词,要用‘and’连接;分词做状语表伴随状态一定错!
Doing A, B do?
A do, doing B?
当一个动词是另一个动词的伴随状况而用and连接,一定错!
VII.形容词和副词的区别
a.形容词、副词转意:significant, significantly; fair, fairly
b.形容词修饰名c.词、副词修饰动词:closing quickly; pack clothes flat
d.形容词修饰名e.词、副词修饰形容词:seemingly permanent accommodation
VIII.分词的省略结构
介词+分词
连词+分词要求分词的逻辑主语与后句的主语一致正确选项的给出:
Type A:保留分词省略结构,把后面主语换成正确的主语;
Type B:把分词结构名词化,分词逻辑主语没出现,故把分词结构名词化
IX.表示A和B一样大或至少比B大
as…as…or greater than
at least as…as
at most as…as
as…as something, if not more so (此形式出现一定对)
X.Like和As的混合考法
Like (介词)+名词或名词短语
As (连词) +句子,助动词补出
Like A, B do (A, B必须是完全相同的结构)
XII.在GMAT中,有一类词强调动作、过程closing, varying, the rising of cost;
另一类词强调结果、状态closed, varied, the rising cost。在选项中优选结果、状态的
选项
XIV.固定搭配:high rate, low rate, prevalent; rate对应rate而非wage
New Oriental School Effectiveness (存在一个错,但不一定错;按严重性由大到小排)
II.there be +抽象名词
III.情态动词的强加、丢失、改变
IV.介词、助动词尽量补充原则
V.定语从句和分词结构的就近修饰原则
VI.定语从句that的尽量省略原则
VII.代词指代要尽量地明确清晰
VIII.and连接两个句子时要尽量使用相同句式
when…when…; that…that…;
how…how…;
XI.三种关系的强加、丢失
1>if引导的条件关系从句
2>when引导的时间关系从句
3>because…因果关系
As的用法(P35 163)
Just as A do something, so B do…
Just as A do something, so too…
GMAT考三类
1>as, like的混合考:as作连词,
2>像…一样,
3>后面跟一个句子
4>as作介词,
5>as an adolescent; While being = as
6>as后面加从句,
7>as是连词,
8>当…的时候
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