2．1 I am about to give birth in Australia. Will the new Act affect the status of my child? 我快要在澳洲生孩子了，新法案会影响我孩子的国籍吗？

Children born in Australia with at least one (1) parent who is an Australian citizen or permanent resident will continue to automatically acquire Australian citizenship at birth.

在澳大利亚出生的孩子，如果父母双方之中有一人是澳大利亚公民或永久居民，仍然可以一出生即自动获得澳大利亚公民身份。

2．2 Adoption 领养

The Bill contains no changes to the acquisition of citizenship for children adopted in Australia.

新法案没有改变在澳大利亚领养的孩子入籍的要求。

3．Descent 血缘

The age and time limitations for registration of citizenship by descent will be removed. The only requirements that will apply to a person applying to become an Australian citizen by descent will be that:

由血缘而注册国籍的年龄和时间限制将被取消。因血缘而成为澳洲公民的唯一要求是：

at least one (1) of their parents was an Australian citizen at the time of the person’s birth
在申请人出生时，父母双方必须有一位是澳大利亚公民
the person is of good character, if 18 years or over.
如果申请人年龄达到或超过18岁，申请人必须品行良好。
Michaeliang曰：品行良好就是没有犯罪记录的意思么？
　
There will be no change to the requirement that if a parent of the person acquired Australian citizenship by descent, that parent must have spent a total of two (2) years in Australia as a lawful resident at any time before the person makes the application.

以下要求没有变化：如果申请人的父母之一是由血缘而取得澳大利亚公民身份，其必须在申请人申请入籍前的任意时期在澳洲合法居住满两年。

People born overseas before 26 January 1949 to a person who became an Australian citizen on 26 January 1949 will also be able to apply to become an Australian citizen by descent. The only requirement will be that they are of good character.

1949年1月26日之前在海外出生，父母中的一方于1949年1月26日成为澳洲公民的人士将可以由血缘申请成为澳洲公民。唯一的要求是申请人必须品行良好。

3．1 I am 30 years of age. My parents were Australian citizens when I was born. I was born overseas. Will I be able to apply for Australian citizenship by descent?

我今年30岁。我的父母在我出生的时候是澳洲公民。我在海外出生。我可以由血缘申请入籍澳洲吗？

Yes. The only requirement will be that you are of good character.

是的。唯一的要求是你必须品行良好。

3．2 Do I need to be in Australia to apply for citizenship by descent?

我由血缘申请入籍澳洲时必须身在澳大利亚吗？

No. You can contact your closest Australian Embassy.

不需要。你可以联系与你最近的澳大利亚大使馆。

4．Australian citizenship by Adoption in accordance with the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption 

根据《海牙跨国领养公约》，由领养而取得国籍

Children adopted overseas to Australian citizens under full and permanent Hague Convention Intercountry Adoption arrangements may be registered as Australian citizens.

The eligibility requirements are:

澳洲公民根据《海牙跨国领养公约》完全并永久地协议领养的孩子可以申请入籍。要求是：

the adoption of the person must have been finalised outside Australia in accordance with the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption
领养的手续已经根据海牙跨国领养公约在澳大利亚境外完成
at least one of the adoptive parents must be an Australian citizen
领养父母至少一方必须是澳大利亚公民
the legal relationship between the applicant and the birth parents must have been terminated
申请人与生父母之间的法律关系必须已经终结
an adoption compliance certificate must have been issued
已经取得领养证书
the adoption must be recognised by the Commonwealth and/or States or Territories
领养必须由联邦和/或洲或领地政府认可
and以及

if the person is aged 18 years or over, the person must be of good character at the time of the decision on the application.  
如果申请人年龄达到或超过18岁，申请人必须在其批准申请入籍的决定作出时品行良好
Although an applicant may be aged 18 years or over, the applicant’s adoption must have been agreed to by the adoption authorities of Australia and the other Convention country before the person turns 18.

尽管申请人可以是18岁或更大年龄，但是其被领养的手续必须在其18岁以前获得澳大利亚政府领养主管部门（呵呵，用了个中国式的说法）和其他公约国家的批准。

If the applicant’s Australian citizen parent was an Australian citizen by descent, the applicant’s parent must have resided in Australia for a period of two years before the application is made.

如果申请人的父母之一是由血缘而取得澳大利亚公民身份，其必须在申请人申请入籍前的任意时期在澳洲合法居住满两年。

An adoption compliance certificate is evidence that a ’full and permanent adoption’ has occurred under the Hague Convention and the legal relationship between the adopted child and the birth parents has been severed.

领养证书是“完全以及永久领养”已经根据海牙公约完成而且被领养的孩子及其生父母之间的法律关系已经被解除的证据。

5． Conferral

授予

This section contains an overview of the new changes to Australian citizenship legislation.

本节包括了澳洲国籍法新的变化之概述。

Terminology has been changed in the new Act from the ’grant of citizenship’ to ’citizenship by conferral’.

新法案使用“授予国籍”代替原来使用的“准予国籍”。

Michaeliang曰：有没有高手讲讲这两个词之间的区别？——我只知道Granted land 和 Allocated land之间的区别^_^

5．1 Residence requirements

居住要求

The new residence requirements for Australian citizenship will mean that applicants will need: 

在申请入籍澳大利亚之前的四年必须在澳洲合法居住，其中至少有12个月以永久居民的身份居住；以及
absences from Australia of no more than 12 months in total in the four (4) years prior to application, and no more than three (3) months in the 12 month permanent residency period prior to application.
在申请入籍澳大利亚之前的四年内离开澳洲的时间累计不超过12个月，其中以永久居民的身份在澳洲居住的12个月内离开澳洲的时间不超过3个月。
5．2 Spouses

配偶

Spouse provisions

配偶规定

Spouses will need to meet the same criteria as other adult applicants for conferral of citizenship.

配偶需要满足与申请授予国籍的其他成年申请人一样的标准。

However, there will be an exception from part or all of the residence requirement for Australian permanent resident spouses, if the spouse is able to demonstrate a close and continuing association with Australia during that time. For example, if the spouse is not in Australia on account of the work of their Australian citizen spouse. Where this exemption is applied, approval may also be given to citizenship applicants who are outside Australia.

但是，如果澳大利亚永久居民的配偶能够证明其应在（但实际不在）澳大利亚居住的期间与澳大利亚保持密切且连续的关系，其部分或全部居住期限要求可以得到豁免。例如，该配偶由于其配偶（澳大利亚公民）工作的原因不在澳大利亚。如果入籍申请人申请该项豁免，即使其不在澳大利亚也可能获得批准。

Michaeliang曰，相对现行规定，新法案可以说相当宽松了。以前的规定是：

If you are the legally married spouse, widow or widower of an Australian citizen, the usual residence requirements may be waived.

如果你是澳洲公民的合法婚姻配偶、寡妇或鳏夫，你可能可以不用满足通常的居住规定。

It is the policy that this waiver usually only applies if you have been a permanent resident in Australia continuously for the 12 months immediately prior to your application, and you can show that you would suffer significant hardship or disadvantages if you were not granted citizenship.

根据法律规定，只有你在申请入籍前一年作为永久居民连续在澳洲居住，而且你能够证明如果你没有获得公民身份将面临相当大的困难或不利情况，你才可能在不满足居住规定的情况下获得公民身份。

It is policy that significant hardship or disadvantage is usually shown if: 1)you have been refused employment solely on the grounds that the employment is restricted only to Australian citizens, and other employment is not available; or 2) you would be excluded from travelling internationally because you cannot obtain a passport or travel document; or 3) you would not be able to represent, or be selected to represent, Australia in a national representative team solely on the basis that you were not an Australian citizen.

根据法律规定，“相当大的困难或不利情况”通常指：1）仅仅由于不是澳洲公民而不能获得一项工作，而且没有其他工作可做；或2）由于无法获得护照或其他旅行文件而不能进行海外旅行；或3）仅仅由于不是澳洲公民而不能代表，或不能被选派进入澳大利亚国家队以代表澳大利亚。

可以说，根据这样的规定，澳大利亚公民的配偶在申请国籍方面几乎没有任何优势。新法案则有所放宽，比如，夫妻双方只要一方坐移民监并获得澳洲公民身份，然后回中国工作，那么另一方就可以一直留在国内并申请授予国籍；或者说，一个中国人嫁给澳洲公民，然后申请配偶移民，然后跟老公回中国工作，即使不住澳洲也可以获得国籍了——偶的理解对不对，欢迎达人指点。

The definition of ’spouse’ will also include a de facto spouse where the applicant became a permanent resident as the de facto spouse of their current partner.

“配偶”的定义还包括事实配偶，如果申请人是作为他（她）们目前同居伙伴的事实配偶而取得永久居留权的话。

I am the spouse of an Australian citizen? What does the new Act mean for me?

我是澳大利亚公民的配偶，新法案对我意味着什么？

The new Act requires that spouses of Australian citizens meet the same criteria as other adult applicants for citizenship. This reflects current policy.

新法案要求澳大利亚公民的配偶满足与其他申请入籍的成年人一样的标准，这与目前的政策一致。

However, a discretion is being introduced to waive part or all of the residence requirements for the spouse of an Australian citizen who can demonstrate a close connection with Australia. Associated with this new discretion, a new provision enables the approval of such applications where the spouse is outside Australia.

但是，新法案包含一项新的规定：如果澳大利亚公民的配偶能够证明其应在（但实际不在）澳大利亚居住的期间与澳大利亚保持密切且连续的关系，其部分或全部居住期限要求可以得到豁免。与该项新规定相关的新条款还规定，即使该配偶不在澳大利亚，豁免申请也可能获得批准。

In addition, the definition of spouse will include a de-facto spouse where the spouse entered Australia as the de facto spouse of the Australian citizen.

此外，配偶的定义包括了事实配偶，如果该配偶作为澳大利亚公民的事实配偶进入澳洲的话。

Michaeliang曰，好像跟上面一段又有点出入了，刚才讲的是“where the applicant became a permanent resident as the de facto spouse of their current partner（如果申请人是作为他（她）们目前同居伙伴的事实配偶而取得永久居留权的话）”。——不过这条规定和我们中国人关系不大^_^

5．3 Children孩子

Children of former citizens

前公民的孩子

Eligibility for citizenship by conferral will be extended to persons born outside Australian to a parent who ceased to be an Australian citizen under section 17 of the Australian Citizenship Act 1948. The person must be of good character.

在澳洲境外出生、父母中一方因为《澳大利亚国籍法1948》第17节的规定而不再具有澳大利亚公民身份的人士将获得授予国籍的资格。

I was a former citizen who lost my citizenship under section 17 of the old Act. I gave birth to my child when I was no longer a citizen. Does the new Act provide for my child?

我以前是澳洲公民，根据旧法案第17节不再具有公民身份。我孩子出生时我已经不是澳洲公民。我孩子可以根据新法案申请授予国籍吗？

Yes. There are many former Australian citizens, who like you only learnt of the loss of their Australian citizenship when they attempted to register their children as Australian citizens by descent or sought to renew their Australian passport. 上一页
可以。很多前澳洲公民，如您一样，只有在其孩子试图申请由血缘而入籍澳洲时或申请其澳洲护照延期时才知道自己已经不再具有澳洲公民身份。

And like you, many Australians overseas were not aware of section 17. As you would now be aware, section 17 was an operation of law provision under which people lost their Australian citizenship if they ’did any act or thing the sole or dominant purpose of which and the effect of which was to acquire the citizenship of another country’.

也如您一样，很多海外澳洲人并不知道第17节的内容。如您现在所知道的，第17节的条款规定澳洲公民如果“采取了某种行动，而该行动唯一或主要目的以及结果是获得另外一个国家的国籍”，则不再具有澳洲公民身份。

Your child will be eligible for citizenship provided they are of good character if over 18 years of age.

您孩子符合入籍的要求，如果他们年龄是18岁或以上，则其必须品行良好。

I was a former citizen who renounced my Australian citizenship, so that I could retain another citizenship. After I renounced I gave birth to my child. Does the new Act provide for my child?

我以前是澳洲公民，我宣布放弃我的澳洲国籍以保留我的其他国籍。我的孩子在我放弃澳洲国籍后出生。我孩子可以根据新法案申请授予国籍吗？

No. Unlike many people who lost their citizenship under the operation of law section 17 provision, people who renounced their Australian citizenship knew that they had ceased to be Australian citizens.

不可以。与其他根据第17节条款的规定不再具有公民身份的人不同的是，宣布放弃澳洲国籍的人知道其不再具有澳洲公民身份。

They could have had no reasonable expectation of access to Australian citizenship for children born after they had renounced their Australian citizenship.

该等人士不再有理由期望其在宣布放弃澳洲国籍后所生的孩子能够获得澳洲国籍。

5．4 People born in Papua prior to Independence

巴布亚独立前在巴布亚出生的人

Eligibility for citizenship by conferral will be extended to persons born in Papua before 16 September 1975 to a parent who was born in Australia as we now know it and who was an Australian citizen at the time of the person’s birth. The person must be of good character.

1976年9月16日以前在巴布亚出生的人士，如果其父母的一方在澳洲出生而且在该人士出生时是澳洲公民，其也将符合入籍的资格。该人士必须品行良好。

5．5 Age raised for English Proficiency Exemption

提高了豁免英语水平要求的年龄

The age at which adult applicants for Australian citizenship are exempt from the requirement to have a basic knowledge of English will be raised to 60 years.

只有大于60岁的入籍申请人才可以豁免必须掌握基本英语知识的要求。

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